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吃出好眼力!維生素A 讓眼睛水汪汪

現代人手必備的智慧型手機,讓不少人隨時隨地滑不停,長久下來容易眼睛乾澀過勞、視覺模糊。尤其視力一旦退化便難以恢復。為了避免乾眼症、白內障、老年化黃斑症等問題提早出現,除了減少使用3C產品,透過營養補充也可以滋養眼睛。

維生素A 眼睛水汪汪

構成視網膜上感光細胞的基本元素,若缺乏維生素A,在弱光底下視覺無法快速恢復,即是「夜盲症」。另外,維生素A可幫助眼睛黏膜細胞分泌淚液,長期缺乏會造成細胞容易乾裂,無法分泌眼淚,導致眼睛乾澀易致眼角膜破損,進而影響視力。

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維生素A可分為「動物性」及「植物性」兩類,前者主要來自魚肝油、肝臟、蛋黃及全脂奶等,但許多人擔心過多的脂肪及膽固醇會影響健康,若不敢攝取,可改為植物性來源,包括深綠色及橘黃色食材,如地瓜葉、菠菜、胡蘿蔔、芒果、南瓜、地瓜等。

葉黃素、玉米黃素 抗藍光攻擊

葉黃素、玉米黃素存在於水晶體、視網膜及黃斑部,其濃度會影響視網膜的健康。當紫外線及藍光進入眼睛會產生大量自由基,影響眼睛病變。紫外線一般可被眼角膜過濾掉,但藍光可直接進入視網膜及黃斑部,而葉黃素、玉米黃素可吸收藍光,保護眼睛不受藍光傷害,不過人體無法自行合成,必須仰賴食物補充。

葉黃素(Lutein)、玉米黃素(Zeaxanthin)是具有抗氧化作用的類胡蘿蔔素,大多存在深綠色蔬菜如菠菜、青花菜等,及黃色食物如黃椒、玉米、南瓜等,建議一天葉黃素攝取10毫克及玉米黃素2毫克,一份約半碗的芥藍菜、菠菜、大頭菜就含有20毫克葉黃素及玉米黃素。

DHA 加強好眼力

DHA是唯一可經由血液穿過「血視網膜障壁BRB(Blood Retina Barrier)」,直接進入視網膜上的omega-3脂肪酸,然而視網膜感光細胞膜有一半以上成分是DHA,它可軟化視網膜細胞,刺激感光細胞加速訊息的傳遞,而提升視力。DHA富含於各種魚類,如鮪魚、鯖魚、秋刀魚等。

維生素B 保護眼角膜

維生素B1、B2可維護視神經及角膜健康,維生素B12可預防視神經傷害。缺乏維生素B容易造成視神經發炎、角膜充血、眼睛畏光等情形,它富含於全穀類、堅果中,如糙米、麥片、牛奶等;而維生素B12大多存在動物性食物,如牛奶、雞蛋等。

維生素C、E 有效抗氧化

維生素C、E為抗氧化營養素,當用眼過度,增加自由基導致氧化,容易造成老化,因此抗氧化營養素扮演非常重要的角色,它可減緩眼睛氧化壓力。像是芭樂、奇異果、檸檬、橘子等水果富含豐富的維生素C;而堅果、植物油、全穀類等則是維生素E來源的食物。

▇ 明目茶飲

桑葉枸杞明目飲

材料:枸杞、桑葉、紅棗約3錢

方法:用500cc的水,煮成一壺當茶飲喝即可

功用:

枸杞╱對於視網膜,有預防眼底病變、血管硬化功效

桑葉╱性味甘寒,能清肝明目、疏風散熱

紅棗╱富含豐富維生素C
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