保暖必備 6大「抗寒」營養素！
2015/12/15
作者 / 曾慧雯 出處 / Web only
選對材質、穿對衣服，可以讓你的冬天更加溫暖。不過你知道嗎？吃對食物也可以讓你從體內暖和起來！快看看冬天該攝取哪些營養素。
(1)醣類、蛋白質、脂肪
「富含醣類、蛋白質、脂肪這三大營養素的食物是首選，」台北醫學大學保健營養學系教授劉珍芳表示，到了冬天，人體對能量的需求本來就會比較多，生物本能會驅使我們去吃熱量較高的食物來幫忙身體產熱，所以冬天多吃一點點油脂是沒有關係的。
(2)維生素B群、鎂、鋅
光是攝取醣類、蛋白質和脂質還不夠，人體需要透過酵素的作用，才能順利消化吸收這三大營養素，進而產生熱能、維持體力；劉珍芳說，有些營養素可以對酵素產生推波助瀾的功效，因此也被稱為「輔酶」或「輔因子」。
維生素B群，包括B1、B2、菸鹼素、泛酸、生物素等，以及礦物質的鎂、鋅，都是人體產熱不可或缺的輔酶；冬天不妨多吃瘦紅肉、瘦豬肉攝取B群，深綠色蔬菜與全穀類含有鎂，海鮮則含有鋅。
(3)碘
甲狀腺素可以讓身體能量代謝維持正常，讓體內不會儲存過多熱量；甲狀腺素分泌不足的人無法消耗多餘熱量，身材通常都會比較胖。適量攝取碘，能讓甲狀腺素正常分泌。
目前一般精鹽裡都已經加入碘，但是有些人使用岩鹽或其他鹽取代精鹽，碘的攝取量就有可能不足。冬天可以多吃海帶、紫菜，即可補充碘，像海帶排骨湯、紫菜蛋花湯等，都是很好的選擇。
廣吿
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(4)鐵質
鐵質可以提升血液的攜氧量，改善血液循環。深綠色蔬菜、瘦紅肉都是富含鐵質的食物。
(5)纖維質
冬天因為活動量減少，腸胃蠕動速度較慢，更應多吃全穀類、蔬菜與水果攝取纖維質。在攝取量比例部份，如果水果的份量是一份，全穀類和蔬菜的攝取量就應為兩份。
(6)溫熱性的食物
此外，蔥、薑、蒜、辣椒、咖哩等食物也可以刺激身體發熱。麻油、酒釀、桂圓、紅豆、糯米等食材，也被中醫認為是較為溫熱滋補的，適合冬季食用。
冬天大家愛吃火鍋，不過劉珍芳提醒切勿常吃麻辣鍋，雖然吃完熱呼呼滿頭大汗，但是麻辣鍋的油脂、熱量均高，辣湯刺激性過強，對腸胃道的傷害比較大；如果嘴饞想吃，應盡量選擇青菜、蒟蒻、冬粉等低熱量的火鍋料，以免發胖。
劉珍芳認為現代人普遍營養好，不一定需要進補，不過在食物的選擇上，可以挑選比較適合冬季的，例如燉肉加薑吃了會覺得暖和。
冬天容易肚子餓，一不小心就吃太多，不胖也難。她建議一餐要吃20～30分鐘，慢慢吃、細嚼慢嚥，腦部的「飽食中心」才會接收到吃飽的訊息，不然很容易吃過量；可以選擇需要多咀嚼的食物，例如竹筍、茭白筍、牛蒡等，熱量低，纖維質高。
※編按：此文為2015年發表，文中人、事、物背景或已有調整、變動，造成不便還請見諒。 |
